The Annual Country Reviews 2017-18 on land issues by Mekong Land Research Forum added to ODM database

8 February 2018
Land
Annual Country Reviews 2017-18 / Mekong Land Research Forum

The Annual Country Reviews by Mekong Land Research Forum reflect upon current land issues in the Mekong Region, and has been produced for researchers, practitioners and policy advocates operating in the field. Specialists have been selected from Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam to briefly answer the following two questions:
1. What are the most pressing issues involving land governance in your country?
2. What are the most important issues for the researcher on land?

For more detail, please access The Annual Country Reviews 2017-18

Topic areas
- Agriculture and fishing
  - Agriculture
    - Agricultural commodities, processing and products
      Animal products
      Dairy
      Leather
      Meat
      Poultry and eggs
      Crop products and commodities
      Biofuel crops
      Cassava
      Sugarcane bagasse
      Cashews
      Fruits and vegetables
      Maize (corn)
      Palm oil
      Pepper
      Rice
      Rubber
      Soybeans
      Sugarcane
    - Agricultural management systems and technologies
      Agricultural engineering services and equipment
      Irrigation and water management
      Pest management
      Soil management
    - Agricultural policy and administration
    - Agricultural production
      Agro-industrial production
      Industrial production
      Contract farming
      Economic land concessions and plantations
      Livestock farming
      Organic farming
      Small and medium scale farming
  - Fishing, fisheries and aquaculture
    - Fisheries production
      (Wild capture) Commercial fishing and natural fisheries
      Community fisheries
      Fish farming and aquaculture
    - Fishing policy and administration
- Aid and development
  - Development policy and administration
  - Multilateral development assistance
    - Asian Development Bank (ADB)
    - China Development Bank (CDB)
    - Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
    - International Monetary Fund (IMF)
    - United Nations
    - World Bank
  - Bilateral development assistance
    - Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members
      Australian aid
      European Union aid
      German aid
      Japanese aid
      South Korean aid
      Swedish aid
      United States aid
    - Non-DAC members
      Chinese aid
      Indian aid
  - Private non-profit development assistance
- Disasters and emergency response
  - Disasters
    - Drought
    - Earthquakes
    - Erosion
    - Fires
    - Floods
    - Landslide
    - Pandemics
    - Saline intrusion
    - Storms
    - Tsunamis
  - Disaster preparedness and emergency response policy and administration
  - Non-governmental preparedness and response agencies
    - (country) Disaster and emergency response NGOs
    - (country) Red Cross
    - Disaster and emergency response funding
- Economy and commerce
  - Economic policy and administration
    - Business structures and legal registration
  - Banking and financial services
    - Banking and financial services policy and regulation
    - Major banks
    - Micro-finance
  - Business associations
    - (country) Chamber of Commerce
    - American Chambers of Commerce
    - Chinese Business Associations
  - Investment
    - Investment policy and regulation
      Domestic investors
      Foreign investors
  - Small and medium enterprises (SME)
    - SMEs policy and regulation
  - Trade
    - Exports
    - Imports
    - Trade policy and regulation
  - Securities exchange (stock market)
    - Securities exchange policy and regulation
    - Stock market
- Energy
  - Energy policy and administration
  - Electricity production
    - Hydropower dams
    - Non-renewable energy production
      (Coal)
      (Diesel)
      (Oil and gas)
    - Renewable energy production
      (Biofuel)
      (Geothermal)
      (Solar power)
      (Tidal)
      (Wind)
  - Energy for transport
    - (Diesel)
    - (Electric)
    - (Oil)
    - (Solar power)
  - Cooking fuel
    - (Charcoal)
    - (Gas)
- Environment and natural resources
  - Other forest (not protected)
  - Ecological services
  - Biodiversity
    - Animals
    - Ecosystems
    - Plants
  - Environment and natural resources policy and administration
    - Environmental impact assessments
    - Overview of policy and legal framework
      Relevant ministries
      Types of state-protected areas
  - Climate change
    - Adaptation
    - Mitigation
      Clean development mechanism
      Nationally appropriate mitigation action
  - Environmental and biodiversity protection
  - Pollution and waste
    - Air pollution
    - Electronic waste
    - Solid waste
    - Water pollution
  - Forests and forestry
    - Forest classifications
      Terms and definitions
      Dense forest
      Regenerated forest
      Secondary/mixed forest
    - Forest cover
      Deforestation drivers
      (Concessions)
      (Illegal logging)
      (Land concessions)
      Forest cover reporting
    - Forest policy and administration
    - Forest products
      Forestry Industry
      Forest trade and finance
      Logging and timber
      Tree plantations
      Hardwoods
      Paper and pulp
      Acacia
      Eucalyptus
      Pine
      Non-timber forest products
      (Honey)
      (Hunting)
    - Forest protection
      Forest protection support
      Forest protection funding
      Forest protection NGOs
      Protected areas
      Community forest
      National parks and wildlife sanctuaries
      Protected forest
      Sustainable use forest
  - Water
    - Human demands and implications
    - Water governance
      Trends and challenges
      Water policy and related institutions
      Water rights and legal frameworks
    - Water resources
      Ground water
      Rain and snow
      Surface water
      Marine and coastal areas
      Rivers and lakes
      The Mekong
  - Forests
- Extractive industries
  - Extractive industries policy and administration
    - Extractive industries licensing and payments
    - Extractive industries revenues
  - Mining
    - Artisanal mining
    - Gemstone mining
    - Industrial mining
    - Quarrying
  - Minerals and mineral products
    - Coal
    - Copper
    - Gemstones
    - Gold
    - Gravel and limestone
    - Iron and steel
  - Oil and gas resources
    - Off-shore oil and gas exploration and extraction
    - Oil refineries
    - Oil transport
    - On-shore oil and gas exploration and extraction
- Government
  - System of government
  - National government
    - Executive
    - Head of state
    - Ministries and other national bodies
    - Parliament
  - Provincial and local governments
    - Administration
    - De-centralization and de-concentration
    - Decentralization and deconcentration
  - Elections
  - Budget
  - Taxation
  - Government services
  - Procurement
  - Anti-corruption
  - International relations
  - Anti-drug
- Industries
  - Real estate
  - Industry policy and administration
  - Construction
    - Construction policy and regulation
    - Major companies and projects
  - Handicrafts
    - Development and assistance for handicrafts industry
      Donor programs
      Handicrafts industry assistance NGOs
    - Handicrafts industry policy and regulation
  - Manufacturing
    - Agricultural processing
      Animal feed
      Biofuels
      Fertilizer
      Rubber
    - Cars
    - Food processing
      Beverages
      Fish and seafood
      Meat and meat products
      Milk and milk products
      Processed foods
      Salt
    - Furniture
      Furniture industry policy and regulation
    - Garments and textiles
      Clothes
      Cotton and silk
      Shoes
    - Manufacturing policy and regulation
    - Mineral processing and products
      Bricks and tiles
      Cement
      Oil
      Steel
  - Tourism
  - Gaming
- Infrastructure
  - Communications
    - Communications infrastructure
      Internet
      Radio
      Telephone
      Landline
      Mobile
      Television
    - Communications policy and administration
    - Development and funding for communications
  - Electricity infrastructure
    - Development and funding for electricity
    - Electricity policy and administration
    - Generation and distribution facilities
  - Transport and shipping
    - Development and funding for transport
    - Transport and shipping policy and administration
    - Transport infrastructure and facilities
      Airports and air travel
      Rail
      Roads and bridges
      Waterways and ports
  - Water and sanitation
    - Development and assistance for water and sanitation
      Water and sanitation funding
      Water and sanitation NGOs
    - Water and sanitation infrastructure and facilities
      Rural water and sanitation infrastructure
      Rural sanitation
      Rural water supply
      (Ponds)
      (Rain capture)
      (Surface water)
      (Wells)
      Urban water and sanitation infrastructure
      Urban sanitation infrastructure
      Urban water supplies and distribution
    - Water and sanitation policy and administration
    - Water quality testing
  - Markets
    - Markets policy and regulation
    - Vendors
      Associations
      Rights
      Vendor associations
      Vendor rights
- Labor
  - Labor policy and administration
    - Labor law
    - Minimum wage
    - Safety at work
    - Worker rights
  - Unions
  - Labor arbitration
  - Formal labor
  - Informal labor
  - Illegal labor
    - Child labor
    - Commercial sex labor
    - Human trafficking
  - Offshore recruitment and employment
  - Development and assistance for labor rights and labor unions
    - Labor rights and labor unions funding
    - Labor rights and labor unions NGOs
- Land
  - Land policy and administration
  - Land classifications
    - Private land
    - State private land
    - State public land
  - Public land lease
    - Concessions
      (Economic land concessions)
      (Used, development and exploitation concessions)
    - Special economic concessions
    - Special economic zones
  - Landmines, UXO and de-mining
  - Land trades
  - Land tenure and land titling
    - Development and assistance for land tenure and land titling
      Land tenure and land titling funding
      Land tenure and land titling NGOs
  - Land transfers
    - Expropriation
    - Land sales and trades
  - Communal land
  - Landmines, UXO and demining
  - Social land concessions
- Law and judiciary
  - Constitution and rights
  - Law making process
  - Legal framework
    - International laws and treaties
    - Laws and regulations
    - Rights of the accused
  - Legal aid
    - Legal aid policy and regulation
    - Legal aid providers
      Bar association legal aid services
      Legal aid NGOs
  - Legal and judicial system
    - Alternative dispute resolution
    - Civil and commercial litigation
    - Criminal litigation
    - Judiciary and courts
      Court monitoring
      Judges
      Judiciary and court structure
      Law on judiciary
  - Legal professions and services
    - Bar association
    - Legal education for professionals
    - Public and administrative legal services
    - Regulation of legal professions
  - Legal and judicial reform
    - Development and assistance for judicial reform
      Legal and judicial reform funding
      Legal and judicial reform NGOs
  - Crime and law enforcement
    - Crimes
    - Police
    - Prisons
      Prison monitoring
      Prisoner rights
      Prisons policy and administration
    - Traffic violations
- Population and censuses
  - Provincial profiles
    - (Demographics)
    - (Economy, major industries)
    - (Environment and natural resources)
    - (Geography and climate)
    - (Tourism)
  - (Country's) workers abroad
  - Population
    - Demographics
    - Migration
      Emigration
      Immigration
      Informal migration for labor
      Foreign workers in country
      Local workers abroad
  - Census
- Science and technology
  - Science and technology policy and administration
  - Science and technology research and development
  - Science and technology education and promotion
  - Technologies
    - Atomic energy and nuclear technology
    - Material sciences
    - Open technologies
    - Space technologies
- Social development
  - Arts
    - Arts education
    - Arts policy and administration
    - Arts support
      Arts funding
      Arts NGOs
  - The aged
    - Development and assistance for the aged
      Seniors associations
      The aged assistance funding
      The aged assistance NGOs
  - Civil society
    - Associations and other membership groups
    - Civil society coalitions and cooperation
    - Civil society policy and regulation
    - Non-government organizations
    - Non-governmental organizations
  - Education and training
    - Adult literacy
    - Development and assistance for education
      Education associations
      Education funding
      Education NGOs
    - Education and training policy and administration
    - Higher education
      Graduate programs
      Study abroad
      Universities
    - Pre school
    - Primary and secondary education
    - Vocational education
  - Family, children and youth
    - Development and assistance for families, children and youth
      families, children and youth funding
      Family, children and youth development NGOs
      Youth associations
    - Family, children and youth policy and administration
      Access to education
      Child labor
      Child rights
      Domestic violence
    - Marriage and divorce
    - Orphans and children without homes
  - Gender
    - Lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ)
      Development and assistance for LGBTQ community
      LGBTQ associations
      LGBTQ development NGOs
      LGBTQ funding
      LGBTQ policy and rights
    - Women
      Development and assistance for women
      Women's associations
      Women's development NGOs
      Women in deveopment
      Women in government and politics
      Women in the family
      Women policy and administration
      Women's rights
      Women's development funding
  - Human rights
    - Civil and political rights
      Access to information
      Freedom of association
      Freedom of expression
    - Development and assistance for human rights
      Human rights associations
      Human rights funding
      Human rights NGOs
    - Economic, social and cultural rights
      Free, prior and informed consent (FPIC)
      Land and housing rights and evictions
      Livelihood rights
      Religious freedom
      Buddhist clergy rights
      Minority religions
  - Free, prior and informed consent (FPIC)
  - Housing rights and evictions
  - The poor
    - Development and assistance for poverty reduction and food security
      Poverty reduction and food security assistance funding
      Poverty reduction and food security assistance NGOs
    - Poverty policy and regulation
      Access to education and health care
      Food security
      Poverty reduction
  - Public health
    - Development assistance for health sector
      Public health assistance funding
      Public health assistance NGOs
    - Health care policy and administration
      Patient rights
    - Hospitals and clinics
    - Medical professionals
      Medical certification and regulation
      Medical education and training
      Medical professional associations
    - Mental health and social services
    - Pharmaceuticals
    - Priority health concerns
      Avian influenza (bird flu)
      HIV/AIDS
      Malaria
      Maternal and child health
      Tuberculosis
  - Social security and veterans
    - Social security and veterans policy and administration
  - Sport
    - Development and assistance for sports
    - Public sports venues
    - Sports education and training
    - Sports leagues
    - Sports policy and administration
  - Disabled persons
    - Development and assistance for disabled persons
      Disabled persons assistance funding
      Disabled persons assistance NGOs
    - Disabled persons policy and administration
      Disabled persons rights
  - Ethnic minorities and indigenous people
    - Development and assistance for ethnic minorities and indigenous people
      Ethnic minorities and indigenous people associations
      Ethnic minorities and indigenous people development funding
      Ethnic minorities and indigenous people development NGOs
    - Ethnic minorities and indigenous people policy and rights
    - Ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples profiles
      (Culture and religion)
      (Demographics)
      (Geography)
      (Issues and problems)
      (Language)
      (Livelihood)
- Sustainable Development Goals
- Urban administration and development
  - Urban development trends
  - Urban policy and administration
  - City profiles
    - (City planning and architecture)
    - (Health and education facilities)
    - (Law enforcement and crime)
    - (Transportation and traffic control)
    - (Trash collection)
    - (Urban infrastructure)
    - (Water and sewage)
    - Administration
    - Demographics
    - Economy
    - Geography and climate
    - History
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